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1.
Rev. patol. trop ; 45(3): 256-264, set. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-913226

ABSTRACT

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis with a geographic distribution limited to Latin America. PCM is caused by species in the genus Paracoccidioides, which usually appear in tissues as large yeasts, 5 to 30 µm in size. The daughter cells are attached to the parent cell by a narrow neck. Sometimes smaller forms occur (1 to 4 µm). These can be confused with other fungi, such as Histoplasma capsulatum and unencapsulated Cryptococcus variants. Twelve cases of PCM were reported with small forms of Paracoccidioides. The aim of this paper is to focus on the possibility of differential diagnosis with other systemic mycoses


Subject(s)
Paracoccidioidomycosis , Paracoccidioides , Histoplasma
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(4): 523-526, July-Aug. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792795

ABSTRACT

Abstract: We report herein a case of thoracic infection due to Nocardia nova following lung re-transplantation performed for emphysema related to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The infection extended from the lung into the pleural space, thoracic wall, and mediastinum, presenting as pericarditis and empyema necessitatis. Nocardia nova was identified by 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. According to a literature search of PubMed, LILACS and MEDLINE databases, we describe herein the first case of empyema necessitatis caused by N. nova species in a transplanted patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lung Transplantation/adverse effects , Empyema/diagnosis , Empyema/microbiology , Nocardia/genetics , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Reoperation , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. patol. trop ; 44(4): 395-408, dez. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-912341

ABSTRACT

We describe 27 cases of fungal rhinosinusitis, which were caused by agents other than Aspergillus, diagnosed at our institution during a 24-year period. Particular focus was on defining the causal fungi and the predisposing factors. Fungal cultures were obtained from 20 cases and there was no growth in seven cases. Classification of mycotic disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses as invasive and noninvasive is based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological factors. The most common pathogens were Histoplasma capsulatum (n=4), Scedosporium apiospermum (n=2), Alternaria alternata (n=2), Schizophyllum commune (n=2), Pseudallescheria boydii (n=1), Penicillium sp. (n=1), Lichtheimia (Absidia) corymbifera (n=1), Xylaria enteroleuca (n=1), Trichoderma asperellum (n=1), T. harzianum (n=1), T. viride (n=1), Fusarium solani (n=1), Cladosporium sp. (n=1), and Cryptococcus neoformans (n=1). From the ones that revealed no growth, four were classified as hyalohyphomycosis and three were mucormycosis by the histopathological findings. In addition, we describe the first welldocumented case of rhinosinusitis and human infection by T. asperellum.


Subject(s)
Sinusitis , Aspergillus , Trichoderma
4.
Rev. patol. trop ; 44(1): 13-19, 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-758561

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus species are considered opportunistic fungi of increasing clinical importance. Informationregarding extrapulmonary involvement is scarce. The aim of this study was to isolate the differentspecies of Aspergillus from patients with rhinosinusitis. A retrospective study was conducted ina university hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil (1986–2014). For mycological diagnoses, paranasaltissue obtained at surgery was subjected to histopathology examination and sent for fungal cultures.Of the 54 samples analyzed, 32 were diagnosed positive by culture. The underlying causes ofimmunodeficiency were: six with transplantation (three bone marrow,two lung, one kidney) andtwo with hematological disease (one bone marrow neoplasia and two leukemia). In the presentstudy, the clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis aspergillosis were: 20 allergic reactions, 20fungus balls, and 14 acute invasive cases. The species isolated from the 54 samples were: Aspergillusfumigatus (n=14); A. flavus (n=6); A. niger (n=2); A. terreus (n=1); A. fischeri (n=1); and Aspergillussp., (n=3). Two concomitant species of Aspergillus were observed in two patients: A. fumigatus andA. flavus; and A. fumigatus and A. niger. In four patients, Aspergillus was associated with other fungi. These were: A. flavus and Fusarium, A. fumigatus and Rhyzopus, A. flavus and Mucorales, and Aspergillus sp. and Mucorales. The most common species of Aspergillus that were responsiblefor paranasal sinus infections were A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger...


Espécies de Aspergillus são considerados fungos oportunistas de crescente importância clínica.Informações sobre o envolvimento extrapulmonar é escassa. O objetivo deste estudo foi isolaras diferentes espécies de Aspergillus em pacientes com rinossinusite. Um estudo retrospectivofoi realizado em um hospital universitário em Porto Alegre, Brasil (1986-2014). Para diagnósticomicológico, tecido paranasais obtido no momento da cirurgia foi submetido a exame histopatológicoe encaminhados para cultivos de fungos. Das 54 amostras analisadas, 32 foram diagnosticados pelocultivo positivo. As causas subjacentes da imunodeficiência foram: seis com transplante (medulaóssea, três, pulmão, dois; rim, um) e dois com doenças hematológicas (neoplasia osso estreito,um; leucemia, duas). No presente estudo, as manifestações clínicas de rinossinusite aspergilarforam: alérgica, 20; bolas fúngica, 20; e aguda invasiva, 14. As espécies fúngicas isoladas foram:Aspergillus fumigatus, 14; A. flavus, seis; A. niger, dois; A. terreus, um; A. fischeri, um; e Aspergillussp., três. Duas espécies de Aspergillus concomitantes foram observadas em dois pacientes: A.fumigatus e A. flavus; e A. fumigatus e A. niger. Em quatro pacientes, Aspergillus foi associado comoutros fungos: A. flavus e Fusarium, um; A. fumigatus e Rhyzopus, um; A. flavus e Mucorales, um; eAspergillus sp. e Mucorales, um. Os isolados mais comuns de Aspergillus que são responsáveis porinfecções dos seios paranasais são A. fumigatus, A. flavus e A. niger...


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspergillus flavus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification , Aspergillosis , Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(6): 483-485, Nov-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725804

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans is often isolated from clinical samples, thus its presumptive differentiation from other species of the same genus can be based on its ability to form the germ tube in human serum. Nevertheless, there are two other species that share this characteristic: C. dubliniensis and C. africana. The aim of this study was to compare four different substrates to perform the germ tube (GT) test. The Candida spp. isolates were identified using a manual system (135 C. albicans, 24 C. tropicalis and one C. dubliniensis). The germ tube test was performed with fresh, previously frozen serum and Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth and agar. GT was observed in 96% (130/136) of the isolates through the fresh serum technique, 94% (128/136) through previously frozen serum, 92% (125/136) in MH agar, and 90% (122/136) in MH broth. The sensitivity of each test was higher than 90%, with 100% specificity. Both the MH agar and broth were able to identify the true positives, and false positives were not found. However, some C. albicans isolates were not identified. MH agar and broth may be used in laboratory for the rapid presumptive identification of C. albicans, as an alternative method for germ tube test.


Candida albicans é frequentemente isolada em amostras clínicas, assim a sua diferenciação presuntiva de outras espécies do gênero pode ser baseada na habilidade em formar o tubo germinativo em soro humano. Entretanto, existem outras duas espécies que também possuem essa característica, C. dubliniensis e C. africana. O objetivo foi comparar quatro diferentes substratos para a realização da prova do tubo germinativo (TG). Utilizou-se isolados de Candida spp. identificados através de meio manual (135 C. albicans, 24 C. tropicalis e um C. dubliniensis). A prova do tubo germinativo foi realizada utilizando soro previamente congelado e fresco, caldo e ágar Mueller-Hinton (MH). O TG através da técnica do soro a fresco foi observado em 96% (130/136), 94% (128/136) através do soro previamente congelado, 92% (125/136) no ágar e 90% (122/136) no caldo MH. A sensibilidade de cada teste foi maior que 90% e especificidade de 100%. Tanto o caldo quanto o ágar MH foram capazes de identificar apenas os verdadeiros positivos e não ocorrendo falsos positivos, porém deixaram de identificar alguns isolados de C. albicans. O ágar e o caldo MH podem ser utilizados na rápida e presuntiva identificação laboratorial de C. albicans, como uma alternativa para o teste do tubo germinativo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agar/pharmacology , Candida/classification , Culture Media/chemistry , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods , Candida/growth & development , Sensitivity and Specificity , Species Specificity
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(1): 89-91, Jan-Feb/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702054

ABSTRACT

Nondiphtherial corynebacteria are ubiquitous in nature and commonly colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans, however they rarely account for clinical infection. We present the first reported case of multiple pulmonary nodules caused by Corynebacterium striatum. The infection occurred in a 72-year-old immunocompetent female, and the diagnosis was obtained by Gram's stain and culture of lung biopsy. C. striatum should be recognized as a potential pathogen in both immunocompromised and normal hosts in the appropriate circumstances.


Bacilos não diftéricos são ubiquitários na natureza e comumente colonizam a pele e as membranas mucosas humanas, contudo eles raramente acarretam doença clínica. Apresentamos o primeiro relato de múltiplos nódulos causados por Corynebacterium striatum. A infecção ocorreu numa mulher imunocompetente de 72 anos de idade e o diagnóstico foi obtido pela coloração de Gram e cultivo de biópsia pulmonar. C. striatum deve ser reconhecido como potencial patógeno tanto em pacientes imunodeprimidos como em hospedeiros normais, em circunstâncias apropriadas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Corynebacterium Infections/diagnosis , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/microbiology , Corynebacterium Infections/microbiology , Immunocompetence , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/diagnosis
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 55(3): 209-211, May-Jun/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674685

ABSTRACT

We present a case of histoplasmosis with multiple pulmonary nodules in a patient with a history of melanoma. This case closely simulated malignancy, including the presence of feeding vessel sign, which occurs in pulmonary metastasis. We emphasize the need to be aware of this infection in areas where histoplasmosis is endemic.


Apresentamos caso de histoplasmose com múltiplos nódulos pulmonares em paciente com história de melanoma. Este caso simula malignidade, incluindo o sinal de vaso nutridor que ocorre na metástase pulmonar. Enfatizamos a necessidade de considerar esta infecção em áreas onde a histoplasmose é endêmica.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/microbiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
8.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 55(3): 145-147, May-Jun/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674687

ABSTRACT

Here we investigate the extent to which different Aspergillus species release galactomannan (GM) in vitro. Marked variability was observed in GM reactivity between and within Aspergillus species, with A. terreus strains showing the highest GM indexes. The in vivo significance of these findings remains to be determined.


O estudo objetivou investigar a liberação in vitro de galactomanana (GM) em distintas espécies patogênicas de fungos do gênero Aspergillus. Grande variabilidade foi detectada tanto intra quanto inter espécies, sendo as cepas da espécie A. terreus relacionadas aos maiores índices de GM detectados. O significado in vivo destes achados permanece em aberto, porém merece investigação.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Fungal/analysis , Aspergillus/chemistry , Mannans/analysis , Aspergillus/classification , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Species Specificity
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(3): 340-342, May-Jun/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679510

ABSTRACT

Introduction Candida albicans is a commensal and opportunistic agent that causes infection in immunocompromised individuals. Several attributes contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of this yeast, including the production of germ tubes (GTs) and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, particularly phospholipase and proteinase. This study aimed to investigate GT production and phospholipase and proteinase activities in bloodstream isolates of C. albicans. Methods One hundred fifty-three C. albicans isolates were obtained from blood samples and analyzed for GT, phospholipase, and proteinase production. The assays were performed in duplicate in egg yolk medium containing bovine serum albumin and human serum. Results Detectable amounts of proteinase were produced by 97% of the isolates, and 78% of the isolates produced phospholipase. GTs were produced by 95% of the isolates. A majority of the isolates exhibited low levels of phospholipase production and high levels of proteinase production. Conclusions Bloodstream isolates of C. albicans produce virulence factors such as GT and hydrolytic enzymes that enable them to cause infection under favorable conditions. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Candida albicans/enzymology , Candida albicans/growth & development , Peptide Hydrolases/biosynthesis , Phospholipases/biosynthesis , Virulence Factors/biosynthesis , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Serum Albumin, Bovine
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(1): 63-68, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668058

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever as principais características clínico-radiológicas de pacientes com histoplasmose simulando câncer de pulmão. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo baseado na análise dos prontuários médicos de 294 pacientes diagnosticados com histoplasmose no Laboratório de Micologia da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, em Porto Alegre (RS), entre 1977 e 2011. O diagnóstico de histoplasmose foi estabelecido por cultura, exame histopatológico ou identificação de bandas M ou H por imunodifusão. Após identificar os pacientes com lesões macroscópicas e com achados compatíveis de malignidade em radiografia ou TC de tórax, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: pacientes com história de câncer e lesões simulando metástases (grupo HC) e pacientes sem história de câncer com lesão simulando neoplasia primária (SHC). RESULTADOS: Dos 294 pacientes com histoplasmose, 15 apresentaram lesões simulando neoplasia primária ou metástases (9 e 6 nos grupos HC e SHC, respectivamente). A idade dos pacientes variou de 13 a 67 anos (mediana, 44 anos) Dos 15 pacientes, 14 (93%) apresentaram lesões pulmonares no momento da internação. CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome clínica e radiológica da doença neoplásica não se limita a malignidade, e, portanto, as doenças infecciosas granulomatosas devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico diferencial.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the main clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with histoplasmosis mimicking lung cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study based on the analysis of the medical records of the 294 patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis between 1977 and 2011 at the Mycology Laboratory of the Santa Casa Sisters of Mercy Hospital of Porto Alegre in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was established by culture, histopathological examination, or immunodiffusion testing (identification of M or H precipitation bands). After identifying the patients with macroscopic lesions, as well as radiological and CT findings consistent with malignancy, we divided the patients into two groups: those with a history of cancer and presenting with lesions mimicking metastases (HC group); and those with no such history but also presenting with lesions mimicking metastases (NHC group). RESULTS: Of the 294 patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis, 15 had presented with lesions mimicking primary neoplasia or metastases (9 and 6 in the HC and NHC groups, respectively). The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 67 years (median, 44 years). Of the 15 patients, 14 (93%) presented with pulmonary lesions at the time of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiological syndrome of neoplastic disease is not confined to malignancy, and granulomatous infectious diseases must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms , Carcinoma/secondary , Diagnosis, Differential , Histoplasmosis/pathology , Histoplasmosis , Retrospective Studies
11.
Rev. patol. trop ; 42(3): 359-362, 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-743481

ABSTRACT

We report a case of sub acute granulomatous synovitis of the knee due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with a past history of intra-articular corticosteroid injections for right knee pain. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made on microscopical examination of the surgical specimen. Subsequent cultures from the synovial fluid grew H. capsulatum. This is an unusual case of focal histoplasmosis. This diagnosis should be considered in endemic areas...


Histoplasmose articular: relato de caso de sinovite granulomatosaApresentamos um caso de sinovite granulomatosa subaguda do joelho, causada por Histoplasmacapsulatum, em um paciente com histórico de injeções de corticoide intra-articulares para dor nojoelho direito. O diagnóstico da histoplasmose foi feito por meio de exame da peça cirúrgica emmicroscópio. O H. capsultaum foi também isolado no líquido sinovial. Este é um caso raro dehistoplasmose focal que deve ser considerado em áreas endêmicas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Histoplasma , Histoplasmosis , Knee , Synovitis
12.
Rev. patol. trop ; 42(4): 395-401, 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-737536

ABSTRACT

As infecções que mimetizam neoplasia são incomuns. Por meio de um estudo retrospectivo, reunimos todos os casos de histoplasmose, criptococose por Cryptococcus gattii, actinomicose e nocardiose que mimetizaram neoplasia. A casuística foi constituída por 80 casos extraídos de uma população de 1.365 no período de 1981 a 2012. Revisamos criticamente os casos relatados na literatura (n=67). As manifestações clínico-radiológicas das lesões pulmonares nas doenças infecciosas (especialmente granulomatosas) e neoplasias não permitem realizar, com segurança, o diagnóstico diferencial...


Subject(s)
Humans , Mycoses , Histoplasma , Health Surveys , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/mortality
13.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(7): 854-858, Nov. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656039

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to review 18 cases of phaeohyphomycosis in Rio Grande do Sul. The records of all of the patients with a diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis between 1995-2010 were reviewed. Twelve of the 18 patients (66.6%) were male. The average age of the patients was 50 years old (range: 16-74 years). Eleven patients (61%) presented with subcutaneous lesions. Seven patients (38.8%) had received a solid organ transplant. In all of the cases, the presence of melanin in the fungal cells was determined by Fontana-Masson staining of tissue sections and documented. Among the 18 patients, a total of 11 different fungal species were isolated. The causative organisms included Exophiala jeanselmei, Alternaria, Curvularia, Cladophialophora and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To our knowledge, this review reports the first case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. gloeosporioides in a lung transplant patient. The number of reported cases of phaeohyphomycosis has increased in the last decade. In a number of cases, this increased incidence may be primarily attributed to iatrogenic immunodeficiency.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Phaeohyphomycosis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/microbiology , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/pathology , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Dermatomycoses/pathology , Immunocompromised Host , Lung Transplantation , Phaeohyphomycosis/diagnosis , Phaeohyphomycosis/microbiology , Phaeohyphomycosis/pathology , Retrospective Studies
14.
J. bras. pneumol ; 38(1): 125-132, jan.-fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-617036

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Relatar os casos de 6 pacientes com bola fúngica (BF) na cavidade pleural por Aspergillus fumigatus. MÉTODOS: Entre 1980 e 2009, foram diagnosticados 391 pacientes com BF aspergilar no Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (RS). O diagnóstico de BF na cavidade pleural foi definido com exames de imagem demonstrando derrame e espessamento pleural com nível líquido; exame micológico direto demonstrando hifas septadas, consistentes com Aspergillus sp.; e cultura positiva para A. fumigatus no espécime cirúrgico da cavidade pleural. RESULTADOS: Dos 391 pacientes estudados, 6 (2 por cento) preencheram os critérios diagnósticos estabelecidos. A média de idade desses 6 pacientes foi de 48 anos (variação, 29-66 anos), e 5 (83 por cento) eram do sexo masculino. As queixas mais frequentes dos pacientes foram tosse, expectoração e hemoptise. Quatro (67 por cento) dos pacientes tinham tuberculose curada. Todos os pacientes realizaram remoção cirúrgica da colonização fúngica, e houve infusão intrapleural com anfotericina B em 4; e 2 pacientes receberam tratamento antifúngico sistêmico v.o. Cinco pacientes melhoraram clinicamente, e um foi a óbito após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: Em pacientes adultos com história de doença pulmonar cavitária ou fístula pleural, deve-se realizar uma investigação criteriosa levando em consideração a infecção fúngica, principalmente BF pulmonar. Portanto, a exploração laboratorial torna-se mais eficiente em relação aos recursos disponíveis para elucidação diagnóstica.


OBJECTIVE: To report the cases of 6 patients with fungus ball caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (aspergilloma) in the pleural cavity. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2009, 391 patients were diagnosed with aspergilloma at the Santa Casa Hospital Complex in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The diagnosis of aspergilloma in the pleural cavity was made through imaging tests revealing effusion and pleural thickening with air-fluid level; direct mycological examination revealing septate hyphae, consistent with Aspergillus sp.; and positive culture for A. fumigatus in the surgical specimen from the pleural cavity. RESULTS: Of the 391 patients studied, 6 (2 percent) met the established diagnostic criteria. The mean age of those 6 patients was 48 years (range, 29-66 years), and 5 (83 percent) were male. The most common complaints were cough, expectoration, and hemoptysis. Four patients (67 percent) had a history of tuberculosis that had been clinically cured. All of the patients were submitted to surgical removal of the aspergilloma, followed by intrapleural instillation of amphotericin B, in 4; and 2 received systemic antifungal treatment p.o. There was clinical improvement in 5 patients, and 1 died after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In adult patients with a history of cavitary lung disease or pleural fistula, a careful investigation should be carried out and fungal infection, especially aspergilloma, should be taken into consideration. In such cases, laboratory testing represents the most efficient use of the resources available to elucidate the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aspergillosis , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Pleural Cavity/microbiology , Aspergillosis/microbiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Pleural Cavity , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
15.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 44(2): 112-114, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-682815

ABSTRACT

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o método de conservação de leveduras do gênero Candida estocadas em água destilada estéril a baixas temperaturas. Utilizaram-se 240 cepas de Candida albicans estocadas em água destilada estéril a - 20 graus C, durante o período de seis meses a oito anos. As cepas foram subcultivadas em duplicata em ágar de Sabouraud e incubadas a 35 graus C por 96 horas. Houve recuperação de 68,4% das 240 leveduras estocadas, sendo que a maior porcentagem de viabilidade foi referente ao período de seis meses e a menor foi de três anos. O método utilizado para o armazenamento das leveduras possui vantagens quando comparado a outros, além de ocupar pouco espaço, é facilmente executado e possui baixo custo.


Subject(s)
Candida albicans , Distilled Water , Freezing , Yeasts
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(3): 356-362, maio-jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-551123

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre paracoccidioidomicose (Pcm) e câncer e realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre esse tópico. MÉTODOS: Revisão retrospectiva de 25 casos diagnosticados com Pcm e câncer, extraídos de uma série de 808 casos consecutivos de pacientes adultos diagnosticados com Pcm com base nos testes realizados no Laboratório de Micologia da Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar de Porto Alegre (RS), entre 1972 e 2007. O diagnóstico de Pcm foi confirmado através de exame microscópico direto, exame histopatológico ou imunodifusão. Todos os casos de câncer foram confirmados por exame histopatológico ou citopatológico. RESULTADOS: Sintomas respiratórios foram as principais queixas dos pacientes. O envolvimento pulmonar foi o achado mais predominante, seguido pelo tegumentar e linfático. O tipo de tumor mais prevalente foi o carcinoma brônquico, em 15 casos, seguido de outros tipos de carcinoma, e 1 paciente apresentou linfoma de Hodgkin. Em 16 pacientes (64 por cento), o sítio de Pcm era o mesmo do tumor. Na maioria dos casos, o tratamento de Pcm consistiu na administração isolada de sulfanilamida, sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, cetoconazol, itraconazol ou anfotericina B. A cirurgia foi o tratamento mais comum para o câncer, seguida de radioterapia e quimioterapia. Dos 25 pacientes, 12 foram curados para Pcm, e 4 faleceram. Em 9, o desfecho final era desconhecido. A prevalência de câncer de pulmão na população geral na área em estudo foi significativamente maior em fumantes com Pcm que em fumantes sem Pcm (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: .O diagnóstico de Pcm parece aumentar o risco de câncer de pulmão.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between paracoccidioidomycosis (Pcm) and cancer in a series of 25 cases and to review the literature on this topic. METHODS: A retrospective review of 25 cases diagnosed with Pcm and cancer, retrieved from a series of 808 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with Pcm based on tests conducted in the Mycology Laboratory of the Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, between 1972 and 2007. The diagnosis of Pcm was confirmed by means of direct microscopic examination, histopathological examination or immunodiffusion test. All cancer cases were confirmed by histopathological or cytopathological examination. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms were the principal complaints of the patients evaluated. Pulmonary involvement predominated, followed by skin and lymph node involvement. The most prevalent tumor was bronchial carcinoma, in 15 patients, followed by other types of carcinoma, and 1 patient had Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 16 patients (64 percent), the site of the Pcm was the same as that of the tumor. In most cases, Pcm treatment consisted of the isolated administration of sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ketoconazole, itraconazole or amphotericin B. The most common treatment for cancer was surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Of the 25 patients, 12 were cured of Pcm, and 4 died. In 9 patients, the final outcome was unknown. In the general population of the area under study, the prevalence of lung cancer was significantly higher in smokers with Pcm than in smokers without Pcm (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of Pcm appears to increase the risk of lung cancer.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Paracoccidioidomycosis/complications , Chi-Square Distribution , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/microbiology , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/microbiology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Paracoccidioidomycosis/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(1): 134-141, jan.-fev. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539443

ABSTRACT

A zigomicose (mucormicose) é uma infecção rara, mas altamente invasiva, causada por fungos da ordem Mucorales (gêneros Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Apophysomyces, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Cokeromyces e Syncephalastrum). Esse tipo de infecção é usualmente associado a doenças hematológicas, cetoacidose diabética e transplante de órgãos. A apresentação clínica mais frequente é a mucormicose rinocerebral, com ou sem envolvimento pulmonar. A zigomicose pulmonar ocorre mais frequentemente em pacientes com neutropenia profunda e prolongada e pode se apresentar como infiltrado lobar ou segmentar, nódulos isolados, lesões cavitárias, hemorragia ou infarto. As manifestações clínicas e radiológicas são na maioria dos casos indistinguíveis daquelas associadas com aspergilose invasiva. Este artigo descreve as características gerais da zigomicose pulmonar, com ênfase no diagnóstico laboratorial, e ilustra a morfologia de algumas lesões.


Zygomycosis (mucormycosis) is a rare but highly invasive infection caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales, which includes the genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Apophysomyces, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Cokeromyces and Syncephalastrum. This type of infection is usually associated with hematologic diseases, diabetic ketoacidosis and organ transplantation. The most common form of presentation is rhinocerebral mucormycosis, with or without pulmonary involvement. Pulmonary zygomycosis is more common in patients with profound, prolonged neutropenia and can present as segmental or lobar infiltrates, isolated nodules, cavitary lesions, hemorrhage or infarction. The clinical and radiological manifestations are often indistinguishable from those associated with invasive aspergillosis. This article describes the general characteristics of pulmonary zygomycosis, emphasizing laboratory diagnosis, and illustrates the morphology of some lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Zygomycosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System/classification , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/therapy , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Zygomycosis/diagnosis , Zygomycosis/microbiology , Zygomycosis/therapy
18.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(6): 345-348, Oct.-Dec. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-539455

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus is a phagocyte opportunistic fungus that causes aspergillosis, an unusual disease in patients with AIDS. Six cases of fungal ball in patients with AIDS are reported here. In this group, all patients had hemoptysis and tuberculosis as the underlying lung disease. The diagnosis of pulmonary fungus ball was based on the clinical and radiographic feature, combined with serological and mycological evidence of Aspergillus fumigatus.


Os fungos filamentosos são oportunistas de fagócitos, motivo pelo qual aspergilose é incomum em pacientes com Aids. A apresentação clínica depende do estado imune, tamanho do inóculo fúngico e doença de base. São relatados neste trabalho seis casos de bola fúngica em pacientes com Aids. Neste grupo, todos tiveram tuberculose como doença de base e hemoptise foi o principal sintoma. O diagnóstico da bola fúngica foi através da apresentação clínica, achados radiológicos combinados com imunodifusão radial dupla, exame micológico direto e cultivo do material do trato respiratório, sendo A. fumigatus o agente isolado


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Aspergillosis/microbiology , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
19.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(11): 1136-1144, nov. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533293

ABSTRACT

Criptococose é uma micose sistêmica causada por duas espécies do basidiomiceto encapsulado, Cryptococcus neoformans e C. gattii, que, respectivamente, causam infecção em indivíduos imunocomprometidos e em hospedeiros imunocompetentes, respectivamente. Pacientes com deficiência em células T são mais suscetíveis. A infecção se inicia por lesões pulmonares assintomáticas e a doença disseminada frequentemente cursa com meningoencefalite. A importância médica da criptococose aumentou significativamente em consequência da epidemia da AIDS e dos transplantes de órgãos.


Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by two species of the encapsulated basidiomycetes, Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, which, respectively, cause infection in immunocompromised individuals and in immunologically normal hosts. Patients with T-cell deficiencies are more susceptible to this infection. The spectrum of the disease ranges from asymptomatic pulmonary lesions to disseminated infection with meningoencephalitis. The medical relevance of cryptococcosis increased dramatically as a consequence of the AIDS epidemic and organ transplants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Cryptococcosis/drug therapy , Cryptococcosis/microbiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology
20.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(5): 255-259, Sept.-Oct. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-530130

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 13 cases of cryptococcal infection based on histopathology, serology and cultures. Epidemiological analysis, histochemical techniques of hematoxilin and eosin (HE) and Grocot's silver (GMS), as well special histochemical techniques such as Mayer's mucicarmine (MM) and Fontana-Masson (FM), cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg) and isolation on fungal media: Sabouraud's (SAB), brain-heart infusion agar (BHI) and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar were analyzed. Unsatisfactory staining results by MM stain associated to negative titers by CrAg test, which FM stain confirmed that capsule-deficient Cryptococcus infections were observed in four cases. Eight isolated cases were identified as follows: six cases were infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and two cases were Cryptococcus gattii.


A criptococose é a mais comum infecção fúngica oportunística observada em pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS). Relatamos 13 casos da infecção baseados no diagnóstico histopatológico, sorológico e cultivo. Foram analisadas: a epidemiologia, as técnicas histoquímicas básicas de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e coloração pela prata (GMS), bem como as técnicas histoquímicas especiais de mucicarmim de Mayer (MM) e Fontana-Masson (FM), o teste do antígeno criptocóccico (CrAg) e o isolamento em cultivos em ágar-Sabouraud (SAB), ágar infusão de cérebro-coração (BHI) e meio com canavanina azul de bromotimol (CGB). Em quatro casos, resultados tintoriais insatisfatórios pela coloração de MM associados a títulos negativos pelo teste do CrAg, a coloração de FM confirmou a infecção pelo Cryptococcus deficiente de cápsula. Oito isolados foram identificados: seis casos apresentaram a infecção por Cryptococcus neoformans e dois casos apresentaram a infecção por Cryptococcus gattii.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcus/isolation & purification , Biopsy , Coloring Agents , Cryptococcosis/microbiology , Cryptococcosis/pathology , Cryptococcus/classification , Histocytochemistry , Immunocompromised Host , Retrospective Studies , Staining and Labeling , Young Adult
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